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FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Company recognises financial instruments when it becomes a party to the contractual arrangements of the instrument. Financial instruments are de-recognised when they are discharged or when the contractual term expire. The Company’s accounting policies in respect of financial instruments transactions are explained below: Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value.

Financial assets:

All recognised financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either fair value or amortised cost, depending on the classification of the financial assets.

Fair value through profit or loss

All of the Company’s financial assets other than those which meet the criteria to be measured at amortised cost are subsequently measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any fair value gains or losses being recognised in profit or loss to the extent they are not part of a designated hedging relationship. The net gain or loss recognised in profit or loss includes any dividend or interest earned on the financial asset.

Debt instruments at amortised cost

Debt instruments are subsequently measured at amortised cost where they are financial assets held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. Amortised cost is calculated using the effective interest method and represents the amount measured at initial recognition less repayments of principal plus the cumulative amortisation using the effective interest method of any difference between the initial amount and the maturity amount, adjusted for any loss allowance.

Impairment of financial assets

The Company recognises a loss allowance for expected credit losses (ECL) on investments in debt instruments that are measured at amortised cost or FVTOCI, lease receivables, amounts due from customers under construction contracts, as well as on loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts. No impairment loss is recognised for investments in equity instruments. The amount of expected credit losses is updated at each reporting date to reflect changes in credit risk since initial recognition of the respective financial instrument.

The Company recognises lifetime ECL on all financial instruments where there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition. The assessment of whether lifetime ECL should be recognised is based on significant increase in the likelihood or risk of a default occurring since initial recognition instead of on evidence of a financial asset being credit-impaired at the reporting date or an actual default occurring.

Lifetime ECL represents the expected credit losses that will result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. In contract, 12 month ECL represents the portion of lifetime ECL that is expected to result from default events on a financial instrument that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.

In assessing whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased, the following shall be taken into  account:

- Actual or expected significant deterioration in the financial instrument’s external or internal credit rating; or

- Significant deterioration in external market conditions; or

- Existing or forecast adverse changes in business, financial or economic conditions that will impact the debtor’s ability to meet debt obligations; or

- Actual or expected deterioration in the operating results of the debtor; or

- Actual or expected significant adverse changes in the regulatory or technological environment of the debtor that will impact the debtor’s ability to meet debt obligations.

For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are subsequently assessed for impairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Company's past experience of collecting payments, an increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period of 30 days, as well as observable changes in the national or local economic conditions that correlate with default on receivables.

Financial liabilities:

Fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities are classified as at fair value through profit or loss, when the financial liability is held for trading, or is designated as at fair value through profit or loss. This designation may be made if such designation estimates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would otherwise arise, or the financial liability forms part of a group of financial instruments which is managed and its performance is evaluated on a fair value basis, or the financial liability forms part of a contract containing one or more embedded derivatives, and IFRS 9 permits the entire combined contract to be designated as at fair value through profit or loss. Any gains or losses arising on changes in fair value are recognised in profit or loss to the extent that they are not part of a designated hedging relationship.

At amortised cost

Financial liabilities which are neither contingent consideration of an acquirer in a business combination, held for trading, nor designated as at fair value through profit or loss are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. This is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments through the expected life of the financial liability, or where appropriate a shorter period, to the amortised cost of a financial liability.

Derecognition of financial liabilities

The company derecognises financial liabilities when, and only when, the company's obligations are discharged, cancelled or they expire.

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances and deposits held at call with banks.

INVENTORIES

Inventories consist of properties under construction and are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost comprises direct materials and, where applicable, direct labour costs and those overheads that have been incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Interest on sums borrowed that finance specific projects is added to cost. Net realisable value represents the estimated selling price less all estimated costs of completion and costs to be incurred in marketing, selling and distribution.

TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS AND DEPRECIATION

Tangible fixed assets are stated at cost, net of depreciation and any provision for impairment. Depreciation is calculated to write down the cost less estimated residual value of all tangible fixed assets using the reducing balance method over their expected useful economic lives. The rates generally applicable are:

Fixtures, fittings and equipment - 25% on reducing balance

TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES

Trade and other receivables are initially measured at fair value and are subsequently reassessed at the end of each accounting year. The Group establishes an allowance for impairment that represents its estimate of incurred losses in respect of the trade and other receivables as appropriate. Impairment is estimated by management based on prior experience and the current economic environment.

FINANCIAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY

Financial liabilities and equity instruments issued by the Group are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Group after deducting all of its liabilities. The accounting policies adopted for specific financial liabilities and equity instruments are set out below.

TRADE PAYABLES

Trade payables are initially measured at fair value and are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.

BORROWING COSTS

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that take a substantial period of time to be completed for sale, are added to the cost of property held as stock at the year end. All other borrowing costs are recognised in the statement of comprehensive income in the year in which they relate.

EQUITY INSTRUMENTS

Equity instruments issued by the company are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs. Shares issued are held at their fair value.

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